The serum response element (SRE) pathway is primarily stimulated by G-stimulated α13 protein-coupled receptors. SRE reporter genes are mainly used to detect the activity of SRF-regulated signaling pathways in cells, drug research, and phenotype analysis of gene overexpression and RNA. Accumulating evidence suggests that the serum response factor cofactor megakaryoblastic leukemia (MKL)/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) has critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes in various cell types. MKL/MRTF molecules comprise MKL1/MRTFA and MKL2/MRTFB, which possess actin-binding motifs at the N-terminus, and SRF-binding domains and a transcriptional activation domain (TAD) at the C-terminus. Moreover, serum response factor, another transcription factor regulating the expression pattern of over 200 genes, was observed to be hypermethylated in gastric carcinoma metastasis, signifying its function as an attractive biomarker for predicting gastric carcinoma metastasis and prognosis.