CD127 (also known as IL-7R alpha) is the alpha chain of the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R), and the protein encoded by this gene is the receptor for interleukin-7 (IL7). The function of this receptor requires the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (IL2RG), which is a common gamma chain shared by various cytokine receptors, including interleukin-2, 4, 7, 9, and 15. It is an important member of the cytokine receptor family and plays a crucial role in the development and function of the immune system. CD127 is a core target of immune regulation, with multiple roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Its agonists or antagonists have broad application prospects in the fields of infection, tumors, and autoimmune diseases.