ELK1 (ETS Like-1 protein) is an important transcription factor gene and a member of the ETS family. Transcription factors are proteins that can bind to specific sequences of DNA, thereby regulating the 'on' or 'off' states of other genes. ELK1 mainly participates in regulating key life processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, particularly playing a core role in responding to extracellular signals (such as growth factors and stress signals).
Beta klotho (KLB) is a fundamental component in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling as it serves as an obligatory coreceptor for the endocrine hormones fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Through the development of FGF19 and FGF21 mimetics, KLB has emerged as a promising drug target for treating various metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. As a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) functions as an endocrine hormone that signals to distinct targets throughout the body. Interest in therapeutic applications for FGF21 was initially sparked by its ability to correct metabolic dysfunction and decrease body weight associated with diabetes and obesity.