HHLA2 (HERV-H LTR-Associating 2) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene encodes a member of the B7/CD28 family of immune co-regulatory molecules. Members of this family share immunoglobulin-like domains and play pivotal roles in regulating T-cell activation, immune tolerance, and tumor immune evasion. The encoded type I transmembrane protein, also known as B7-H7, contains extracellular immunoglobulin V-like (IgV) and C-like (IgC) domains and is constitutively expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, with aberrant overexpression observed in a wide range of human cancers. HHLA2 serves as a dual-function immune checkpoint by engaging two distinct receptors: it delivers a co-stimulatory signal to T cells and NK cells through TMIGD2 (also known as CD28H), and simultaneously transmits an inhibitory signal via the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL3. Through these interactions, HHLA2 can both enhance and suppress immune responses depending on the receptor context, making it a critical modulator of anti-tumor immunity and a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length sequences and functional characteristics have not been fully determined.