Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) catalyzes the rate-limiting hypusination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), a unique modification essential for eIF5A function. Recent DHPS knockout studies have uncovered its diverse roles: in ovarian cancer, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by blocking EMT and TGFβ signaling; in neurodevelopment, neuron-specific Dhps knockout in mice causes more severe growth, neurodevelopmental, and cognitive deficits than Eif5a knockout, while zebrafish dhps knockdown recapitulates microcephaly and epileptiform activity of DHPS deficiency syndrome; in pancreatic development, DHPS loss impairs β‑cell mass and pancreatic growth, with eIF5A knockout showing minimal effects, suggesting DHPS may act independently of eIF5A hypusination. Thus, DHPS knockout serves as a powerful tool for studying hypusination biology and DHPS‑related diseases.