The MS4A1 (CD20) and CD79B genes, located on chromosomes 11q12 and 17q23 respectively, encode two B-cell lineage-restricted surface molecules with complementary functions. CD20, a four-transmembrane phosphoprotein, serves as a store-operated calcium channel essential for B-cell activation and proliferation. CD79b (Ig-beta) forms a disulfide-linked heterodimer with CD79a (Ig-alpha) as a signaling component of the B-cell receptor (BCR) complex, required for BCR surface expression and signal transduction initiation. Together, these molecules are indispensable for normal B-cell development and immunological function. The clinical relevance of CD20 and CD79b extends beyond basic immunology. Their stable and nearly exclusive expression on B cells and most B-cell malignancies has established them as prominent therapeutic targets, including monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab for CD20), antibody-drug conjugates (e.g., polatuzumab vedotin targeting CD79b), and T-cell engagers. However, single-agent resistance and antigen loss remain major challenges. Consequently, dual targeting of CD20 and CD79b has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate antigen escape through avidity effects and improve durable responses, with multiple bispecific and trispecific constructs (e.g., JNJ-80948543) currently in preclinical and clinical development.