Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in cell signaling that regulates variousl physiological and pathological processes. cAMP regulates the transcription of target genes by activating proteinl kinase A (PKA) and the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). CRE is the target of many extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways, including cAMP, calcium,l GPCR (G-protein coupled receptors), and neurotrophins. The CAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting effects in cancer cells and can be useful in studying cancer signaling pathways.
CALCRL encodes a G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane domain receptor, which requires one of three single transmembrane domain co-receptors, RAMP1, RAMP2, or RAMP3, for cell surface expression and binding of its peptide ligands. RAMP3 is a member of the receptor activity modifying protein (RAMPs) family. RAMP3 with the calcitonin receptor, produces an amylin receptor complex (AMY3). Amylin is coexpressed with insulin in pancreatic islet β-cells and has potent effects on gastric emptying and food intake. Pramlintide, a nonamyloidogenic analogue of human amylin is approved for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in combination with insulin. Adrenomedullin (ADM) binds to CALCRL/ RAMP3 complexes.