Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors are a group of Gs-protein-coupled receptors that are currently divided into two subtypes; VPAC1 and VPAC2. VPAC1 and VPAC2 have diverse biological actions including promotion of neuronal survival, regulation of glycogen metabolism, stimulation of prolactin release from the pituitary and catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla, and inhibition of IL-2-mediated T-cell proliferation. The human genes encoding VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor have been located on chromosomes 3p22 and 7q36.3 respectively.