CLEC4C (also known as BDCA-2 or CD303) is the fourth member of the C-type lectin domain family 4 member C. CLEC4C was mainly expressed on the surface of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). As one of the markers of plasma dendritic cells, CLEC4C plays an important role in the immune system, especially in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study suggests that CLEC4C may effectively inhibit the induction of interferon α/β production in plasmacytoid DCS through a mechanism dependent on calcium mobilization and protein tyrosine. Because plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce interferon-α /β, it is considered to be a major pathophysiological factor in systemic lupus erythematosus. Therefore, CLEC4C/BDCA-2 becomes a potential target for blocking the production of interferon-α /β in SLE.
Fc epsilon receptor Ig (FCER1G) is a gene located on chromosome 1 at position 1q23.3 that was first described in 1990. It encodes the γ chain of the Fc receptor, which is the third subunit of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor (Fcε RI). The Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of many different cells: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, macrophages, B lymphocytes, NK cells, mast cells, and dendritic cells. FCER1G expression has been studied and described in various diseases, including squamous cell carcinoma, eczema, meningioma, leukemia, glioma, kidney disease, and even in acute myocardial infarction. Currently, there are four drugs targeting CLEC4C/BDCA-2 in the world (Litifilimab; DB-2304; CBS-004; CDX-1402), and BIIB-059 is the only BDCA-2 mab in the world entering clinical trials.