MLLT3 (MLLT3 super elongation complex subunit), also known as AF9 or YEATS3, is a nuclear protein and core component of the super elongation complex (SEC) that plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation. The gene is located on chromosome 9p21.3 and encodes a protein containing an N-terminal YEATS domain and an intrinsically disordered ANC1 homology domain . As a multifaceted epigenetic "reader," the YEATS domain of MLLT3 recognizes acylated histone H3 with a marked preference for crotonylated lysine residues (H3K9cr and H3K18cr) over acetylated forms, thereby linking chromatin state to active transcription . Notably, recent studies have demonstrated that the MLLT3 YEATS domain also binds to the noncoding RNA 7SK in a sequence-dependent manner with high affinity (Kd ≈ 42 nM), establishing MLLT3 as a dual reader of histone marks and ncRNA . Within the SEC complex, MLLT3 recruits DOT1L to deposit H3K79 methylation, promoting transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II . MLLT3 plays an essential role in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and regulates early cell fate decisions, favoring erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages . In oncogenesis, chromosomal translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23) generates the KMT2A-MLLT3 (MLL-AF9) fusion protein, a driver of aggressive acute leukemias with diverse lineage phenotypes . Given its critical functions in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, MLLT3 represents an emerging therapeutic target.