TNFRSF1A, officially named TNF receptor superfamily member 1A, is a protein-coding gene located on human chromosome 12p13.31. It encodes tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), which exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms and specifically binds to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Binding of membrane-bound TNFα to TNFR1 induces receptor trimerization, activating signaling pathways that regulate cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. The soluble form of TNFR1, generated by proteolytic processing, inhibits inflammation by sequestering free TNFα. Mutations in TNFRSF1A are causatively linked to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) and may be associated with multiple sclerosis. This gene is ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues, underscoring its critical role in immune homeostasis.