VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A), encoded by the VEGFA gene (Gene ID: 7422), is a key member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding disulfide-linked homodimer that specifically induces the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, playing an indispensable role in both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Physiologically, it is critical for embryonic blood vessel formation, while pathologically, its upregulation is closely associated with tumor progression, diabetic microvascular complications, and inflammatory responses such as those induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Alternative splicing and translation initiation of VEGFA generate multiple isoforms with distinct biological activities, including proangiogenic and antiangiogenic variants. As a well-studied therapeutic target, VEGFA has been extensively investigated in various diseases.