The KRAS gene, encoding the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, is a member of the RAS family of small GTPases. KRAS plays a crucial role in transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to downstream effectors, primarily through the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These pathways regulate various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis.Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of KRAS signaling and the development of targeted therapies have opened new avenues for treating KRAS-driven cancers. Small molecule inhibitors that directly target mutant KRAS proteins, such as AMG 510 and MRTX849, have shown promising results in clinical trials, offering hope for patients with previously untreatable cancers.