B-cell maturation antigen, also referred to as TNFRSF17 or CD269, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Ligands for BCMA include B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), of which APRIL has a higher affinity for BCMA. BCMA is expressed preferentially by mature B lymphocytes, with minimal expression in hematopoietic stem cells or nonhematopoietic tissue, and is essential for the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (PCs). Membrane-bound BCMA can undergo γ-secretase–mediated shedding from the cell surface, leading to circulation of soluble BCMA (sBCMA) and reduced activation of surface BCMA by APRIL and BAFF.