The interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) gene, located on human chromosome 3, encodes a critical co-receptor in IL-1 family signaling networks. It forms heteromeric complexes with ligand-binding receptors, facilitating adaptor protein recruitment to activate NF-κB and MAPK pathways, regulating immune responses and cytokine production. Alternative splicing generates membrane-bound and soluble isoforms; the soluble form modulates inflammation by enhancing ligand-decoy receptor binding. Overexpressed in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, IL1RAP is a promising therapeutic target for CAR-T and antibody-based therapies.