B2M encodes beta-2-microglobulin, a serum protein that associates with the major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. It has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure and belongs to the beta-2-microglobulin family. The protein is found in the extracellular region, on the cell surface, in the plasma membrane, and in extracellular exosomes.HLA-A belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen so that they can be recognized by cytotoxic T cells. They are expressed in nearly all cells.