PD-L1, also called human programmed cell death ligand 1, is a transmembrane protein that plays a significant rolein suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease, virus infection, and cancer. PD-L1 binds to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells to modulate activation or inhibition. Upregulation of PD-L1 can allow the cancer cell to evade the host immune system.
EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) is a Protein Coding gene. EGFR is a cell surface protein that binds to epidermal growth factor, thus inducing receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation leading to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene are associated with lung cancer. EGFR is a component of the cytokine storm which contributes to a severe form of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).