The CD79B gene encodes the beta subunit of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex, which is crucial for B cell development and immune response. CD79B, along with CD79A, forms the signaling component of the BCR, facilitating antigen recognition and downstream signaling pathways such as those involving SYK and BTK. Mutations in CD79B are implicated in B cell malignancies, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), where they contribute to constitutive BCR activation and cell survival. CD79B is also a therapeutic target; for example, the antibody drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin targets CD79B in DLBCL. Studies highlight its role in immune evasion and potential as a biomarker.