PD-L1, also called human programmed cell death ligand 1, is a transmembrane protein that plays a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease, virus infection, and cancer. PD-L1 binds to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells, to modulate activation or inhibition. Upregulation of PD-L1 can allow the cancer cell to evade the host immune system.
Trop2, also named as epithelial glycoprotein 1 antigen (EGP-1), is a member of a family including at least two type I membrane protein, Trop2 acts as a cell surface receptor and transduce intracellular calcium signal, and is also a carcinoma associated antigen, which was the target of several therapeutic antibodies, including GA773, and sacituzumab govitecan.