The seizure-related 6 homolog (SEZ6) gene encodes a transmembrane protein predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, with emerging roles in neuronal development and synaptic function. SEZ6 regulates dendritic arborization and modulates excitatory synaptic transmission through interactions with postsynaptic density proteins. Genome-wide association studies implicate SEZ6 in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, where its dysregulation may contribute to synaptic dysfunction. Recent studies also identify SEZ6 as a substrate for β-secretase (BACE1), linking it to amyloid precursor protein processing in Alzheimer's disease. While SEZ6 knockout mice show behavioral abnormalities and altered seizure thresholds, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Further investigation of SEZ6's role in neural circuit formation and its potential as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders is warranted.